A practical salinity scale     

N. P. Fofonoff  E. L. Lewis 《Journal of Oceanography》1979,35(1):63-64

  相似文献   

Adaptive balance of global development processes     

I. E. Timchenko  E. M. Igumnova  S. M. Solodova 《Physical Oceanography》2007,17(3):173-189

We study the processes of global self-regulation of Earth’s biota (GAIA-theory) by applying the method of adaptive balance of causes proposed by the authors. By using, as an example, the Daisy World model constructed by this method, we reveal the phenomenon of preservation of the mean temperature of Earth’s surface due to the presence of the vegetation cover. We develop an integral model of global natural, social, and economic processes in which the World Ocean is one of the factors regulating the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The decrease in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by the GAIA-effects increases the number of hurricanes and floods on the Earth. As a result, the levels of ecological and social hazards for the mankind become much higher. To eliminate these threats, it is necessary to intensify the processes of self-organization of the society realized via the improvement of education, development of science, and global regulation of the competition for natural resources. We present the results of numerical experiments performed by using the model demonstrating possible scenarios of global development with regard for the processes of self-organization of the society. __________ Translated From Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, Pp. 62–80, May–June, 2007.  相似文献   

Influence of capture stress, salinity and reproductive status on zinc associated with metallothionein-like proteins in the livers of three marine teleost species     

Kevin N. Baer  Peter Thomas 《Marine environmental research》1990,29(4)

The influence of capture stress, salinity and reproductive status on zinc associated with the metallothionein-like (MT-like) proteins in the livers of three marine teleost species was investigated. In striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L., the zinc associated with the MT-like protein, as determined by gel-permeation HPLC, increased significantly from approximately 102 to 1162 nmol zinc bound/g wet wt 7 days following capture in the field, handling, transportation to the laboratory and transfer to holding tanks. Significant increases were also observed following exposure to reduced salinity for 7 days. Smaller increases were observed in cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, livers following exposure to reduced salinity and physical trauma for 7 days. Finally, there was approximately a 2·5-fold increase in the zinc associated with the MT-like protein in livers of female spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, collected during the reproductive season compared to regressed animals. These findings emphasize the need for establishing the natural fluctuations in MT levels as well as the response to common physical environmental variables before measurement of MT can be used reliably as a biochemical indicator of environmental contamination.  相似文献   

The wadic project: A comprehensive field evaluation of directional wave instrumentation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Allender  T. Audunson  S. F. Barstow  S. Bjerken  H. E. Krogstad  P. Steinbakke  L. Vartdal  L. E. Borgman  C. Graham   《Ocean Engineering》1989,16(5-6)

The results of a comprehensive field trial of nearly all commercially available directional wave measurement systems at the Edda field in the North Sea during winter 1985-86 are presented. The results summarize the accuracy of the principal engineering wave parameters from each system and the dependence on sea state. Limiting factors on system performance and operational problems are also included in the assessment. Overall experience has been good with systems utilizing widely different measurement principles returning consistent results.  相似文献   

Induction of cytochrome P4501A in endothelium: the rete mirabile as a model for the study of endothelial CYP1A     

J. S. Joy  M. J. Moore  J. Schell  J. J. stegeman 《Marine environmental research》1996,42(1-4)

  相似文献   

On the possibility of forecasting the long-term air temperature variability that determines the hydrophysical structure and ecology of the Black Sea waters     

V. B. Titov  M. T. Savin 《Oceanology》2007,47(6):758-768

Periods and amplitudes of long-term temperature fluctuations were obtained using the methods of spectral analysis and filtration of secular time series of the air temperature at 13 hydrometeorological stations in the Black Sea region. The prognostic calculations of the long-term air temperature variability are based on the results of processing of time series. The calculations of the air temperature agree with the data of observations. The possibility of the long-term air temperature variability prediction is shown.  相似文献   

Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Geostrophic Currents in the Black Sea According to the Data of the Summer Survey Performed as a Part of the ComSBlack-92 Program     

Bulgakov  N. P.  Eroshko  A. A.  Kushnir  V. M.  Suvorov  A. M. 《Physical Oceanography》2002,12(2):104-115

We describe the methodology and software developed for the numerical analysis of the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical structure of geostrophic currents. We present the results of computation of these characteristics according to the data of the summer survey of the Black Sea carried out as a part of the ComSBlack-92 program. The distinctive features of the space structure of geostrophic currents discovered as a result and the established parameters of their variability may supplement the existing data on the current field in the Black Sea.  相似文献   

Average grain-size parameters of unlithified sediments in the World Ocean     

V. N. Sval’nov  T. N. Alekseeva 《Oceanology》2006,46(4):545-556

The high diversity of grain-size parameters of marine and oceanic sediments is determined by hydrodynamical and gravitational processes. Grain-size spectra of the sediments in the World Ocean are represented by two main types. Filtering organisms that passively inherit the proportions of clayey fractions in suspended matter only accelerate the deposition of fine particles, not influencing their distribution at the bottom.  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Vent Geology and Biology at Earth’s Fastest Spreading Rates     

Richard N. Hey  Gary J. Massoth  Robert C. Vrijenhoek  Peter A. Rona  John Lupton  David A. Butterfield 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2006,27(2):137-153

Earth’s fastest present seafloor spreading occurs along the East Pacific Rise near 31°–32° S. Two of the major hydrothermal plume areas discovered during a 1998 multidisciplinary geophysical/hydrothermal investigation of these mid-ocean ridge axes were explored during a 1999 Alvin expedition. Both occur in recently eruptive areas where shallow collapse structures mark the neovolcanic axis. The 31° S vent area occurs in a broad linear zone of collapses and fractures coalescing into an axial summit trough. The 32° S vent area has been volcanically repaved by a more recent eruption, with non-linear collapses that have not yet coalesced. Both sites occur in highly inflated areas, near local inflation peaks, which is the best segment-scale predictor of hydrothermal activity at these superfast spreading rates (150 mm/yr).  相似文献   

Study of the ice conditions in the Gulf of Ob     

D. V. Zyryanov  V. N. Smirnov 《Oceanology》2006,46(2):178-184

The results of theoretical studies of fracture lines in the ice floes of the Gulf of Ob as a function of the coefficient of internal sliding are presented in this paper. An estimate of the fractal dimensions of the emerging topological structures and the results of the calculation of stresses in the ice cover of the Gulf of Ob are presented as functions of different directions of external forcing caused by the joint action of winds and currents on the ice. The geographical locations of the zones of possible loads are shown, together with the estimates of the hummock sizes in the zones of the maximal compression of the ice floes in the Gulf of Ob.  相似文献